Optimum Mix Design for 3D Concrete Printing Using Mining Tailings: A Case Study in Spain

A mix design, using a mixture of sand and mine tailings as aggregates, was selected to produce cement-based 3D printing material suitable for building purposes. Different dosage rates tailings, water, superplasticizers, accelerators were added the with end looking optimum strength, workability buildability. The term buildability includes aspects such pumpability printability. tests carried out in order compare homogeneous strength printed evaluate bonding between filaments, establish relationship fresh behaviour applications. Finally, 20% recycled materials demonstrated its ability be used concrete construction industry frame circular economy concept.